The MMN varies in morphology and timing depending on factors such as participant age, stimulus type, stimulus timing, and reference electrode. The MMN is measured non-invasively at the scalp, is elicited even when the participant is not actively attending to the stimuli, and requires no behavioral response, and thus is well suited to studying infants and children in order to understand risk for later reading impairment, especially early in life. The difference in the event-related potential (ERP) response between the frequent (standard) vs.
#Noise mapping and asymmetry series
The MMN is elicited by a deviant or “oddball” stimulus within a series of standard repeated auditory stimuli ( Näätänen et al., 1978, 2012). The mismatch negativity (MMN) component has been studied extensively in relation to developmental disorders of language and reading ( Kujala and Näätänen, 2001 Bishop, 2007 Volkmer and Schulte-Körne, 2018). MMN laterality significantly related to RAN. MMN amplitude significantly related to PA. Phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN) relate to reading. Examined how reading skills relate to the mismatch negativity (MMN) in English. These findings suggest that amplitude of the MMN may relate to phonological representations and ability to manipulate them, whereas MMN laterality may reflect differences in brain processes that support automaticity needed for reading. Continuous analyses controlling for child age, non-verbal IQ, and letter and word identification abilities showed the same associations between late MMN amplitude with PA and late MMN laterality with RAN. In contrast, laterality of the early and late MMN was significantly different in children with low versus typical RAN ability. In bootstrapped group analyses, late MMN amplitude was significantly greater in children with typical PA ability than low PA ability. We examined how early and late MMN mean amplitude and laterality were related to two established predictors of reading ability: phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN). In this study, 166 English-speaking kindergarten children oversampled for dyslexia risk completed behavioral assessments and a speech-syllable MMN paradigm. There are conflicting findings regarding exactly how the MMN relates to risk or actual diagnosis of dyslexia/reading impairment, perhaps due to the heterogeneity of abilities in children with reading impairment. The mismatch negativity (MMN), an electrophysiological response to an oddball auditory stimulus, is related to reading ability in many studies. 6Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.5Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.4Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States.3Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.2McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.Eddy 2†, Sean McWeeny 1, Ola Ozernov-Palchik 2,4, Nadine Gaab 4,5 and John D.